Chapter I. General Division of the Subject（续 3）

aE Re AE SEE PTET SP I TEE LIES EI ED ET PCTS Se TOA SE TIE OEE

* Itis usually understood that the male deity, coupled by the Phrygians with Cybele, “ the mother of the Gods,” was called by them Atys; and that Adonis was the name used by the Phoenicians in addressing the associate of Venus. It has been said that these divinities were identicat with the Isis and Osiris of the gyptians.

Chap. III.) PTOLEMY’S TRTRABIBLOS, me “ZI speaking, slavish in its -habits, timid and superstitious, while the greater part. of the women, owing to the matutine and masculine position of Vhe Moon, are of masculine manners, ambitious of command, and warlike. These females shun the addresses of men, as the Amazons did of old, and delight in the use of arms, ‘and in manly occupations: they also amputate the right breasts of their female children for the sake of adapting them to military service, and in order that, when in combat and exposing _ that part of their body, they may appear to be of the male sex.—Again, Syria, Commagene, and Cappadocia, are principally influenced by Scorpio and Mars; and their inhabitants are accordingly bold, wicked, treacherous, and laborious. Lydia, Cilicia, and Pamphylia, have a greater familiarity with Pisces and Jupiter ; whence their inhabitants are wealthy, of mercantile habits, living in freedom and in community, faithful to their engagements, and honest in their dealings.

“Phe. remaining quadrant is the vast tract known by the ge- ‘neral name of Libya. Its several:parts, distinguished by the particular names of Numidia, Carthage, Africa*, Phazania, Nasamonitis, Garamantica, Mauritania, Getulia, and Metagonitis, are situated in the south-west of the entire earth, and have due familiarity with the south-west triplicity, composed of Caneer, Scorpio, and Pisces ; ‘their rulers therefore are Mars‘and Venus, in vespertine position. From

* The name of Africa was, in Ptolemy’s time, limited to those parts of the coast on the Mediterranean which contained the antient Utica, and in which Tunis now stands. Josephus says the name is derived from Afer, (one of the posterity of Abraham by Cethurah) © who is stated to have led an army into Libya, and to have established himself in the country. This Afer is, of course, the 4ame with Epher, mentioned in the fourth verse of the 25th chapter of Genesis, as a son of. Midian, one of the sons of Abraham by his concubine —

72 PTOLRMY’S TRTRABIBLOS. [Book Tk. this figuration of the planets it results that the dwellers in these regions are doubly governed by a man and a womaa,. who are both children of ¢he same mother; the man rules the males, and the woman the females. They are extremely _ hot in constitution, and desjrous of women ; their marriages are usually made by violence, and in mapy districts the local princes first enjoy the brides of their subjects: in some places, however, the women are common to all, The influence of Venus causes the whole people to delight in personal ornaments, and in being arrayed in female attize :

- nemertheless, that of Mars renders them: courageous, crafty,’

addicted to magic, and fearless of dangers.

Again, however, of the abovernamed countries, Nee. : midia, Carthage, and Africa, are more particularly in fagi- ~

liarity with Cancer and the Moon: their-inhabitants, conse~

qvently, live in community, attend to mercantile pursuits, “: and enjoy abundantly all the blessings of natyre. The ~

natives of Metagonitis, Mauritania, and Getylija, are -influenced by ‘Scorpio and Mars, and are consequently ferocious and pugnacious in the highest degree; eaters of human flesh, utterly indifferent to danger, and so regardless and pradigal.of blood, as to slay each other -without hesitatien on the slightest,cause, The people in Phazania, Nasamoanitis, and Garamantica, are connected with Pigces and Jupiter, and are gecordingly frank and simple in manners, fond of employment, well disposed, fond of the decencies of life, and, for the most part, free and unrestrained in their actions : they worship Jupiter by the name of Ammon. The.other parts of this quadrant, which lie near the mijddle.of the entire caath, are Cyrsnaica, Marmarica, Aigypt, Phebais, Oasie, Eroglodysiea, Arabia, Azania, and Middle YEthiopia. These countries, ibeing situated in the northeast of their quadrant, have due familiarity. with the northeast triplicity, (consisting . of Gemini, Libra, and. Aquarius), and ate goxerged by Satuen and Jupiter, and alsp by Mer- ‘cury. Their inhabitants, therefore, participate in the M-

fluence of all the five planets in vespertine figuration, and consequently cherish due love and reverence for the gods, © and dedicate themselves to their service. They are addicted to sepulchral ceremonies ; and, owing to the said vespertine position, they bury their dead in the earth*, and remove them from the public eye. They use various laws and customs, and worship divers gods. Ina state of subjections — they are submissive, cowardly, abject, and most patient; _ but when they command, they are brave, generous, and high-minded. Polygamy is frequent among them, and | practised by the women as well as the men : they are most licenfious in sexual intercourse, and allow incestuous commerce between brothers and sisters. Both men and- women are extraordinarily prolific, and correspond in this respect with the fecundity of their soi]. Many of the men. are, however, effeminate and debased in mind; in consequence of the figuration of the malefics, together with the vespertine position of Venus ; and some of them mutilate their per- ‘sonst.

- Among these last named saunttiens Cyrenaica, Marmarica, and particularly Lower Egypt, are chiefly influenced by Gemini and Mercury: the natives are therefore highly inme:

© It does not appear why this practice should have been remarked _ asa national peculfarity, unless in distinction from the custom‘of burning the dead among the Greeks and Romans. Interment is recorded as having been usual among the Jews, and it is known to have been -common among many antient barbarous nations.

A conjecture may perhaps be allowed, that the author, when he wrote this passage, had in his mind the magnificent subterranean palaces, constructed for the dead, in parts of the region in ques- ° tion; some of which have been recently made known to the modern world, by the sagacity and enterprize of the celebrated Belzoni.

T Tone 2s was nalapgovect rev yavrilixne sshov.—The “ contempt” here ' expressed by sclaggovecs has been taken by: all translators (except Whalley) to signify “ mutilation.”

tellectual and sensible, and gifted. with capacity for every undertaking 3 above all, for the attalnment of wisdom, ard an insight into divine tysteriess They are also magicians, perfotmning secfet rites atid cetemonivs, and ate in every téspéct calculated for the prosecution of all scientific inquiry*, The inhabitants of: Thebais, Oasis, and Troglodytica, ate : cbntiected with Libra and Venus; they ate of warmer ¢on+ stitution, aiid mote hasty disposition, ahd enjoy life in all its plettitude and abundance. The natives of Arabia, Asa- Hia, and Middle Athiopia, -have familiarity with Aquatius atid Saturn's they consequently feed on flesh and fish indis- éviminately, and live itt a state of dispersion Jike wild beasts; they nevet nite in society, but lead a wandering and savave life.

The fatniliarities exercised by the Planets, and by the Signs of the Zodiac, together with the manners, . customs, aiid qualities, particular as well as general, whith they pfoduce, have now beett concisely described;. but in order to facilitate the knowledge and use of them, the subjoined table is Inserted, to show, at one view, what countries are in cotittection with each sigh, respectively, accotding to the “fthode above detuiled, 7

“* History warrants the high eacomium here given to the natives of these countries.— Aigypt was the acknowledged mother of the arts and sciences, and at one time the great depot of all the learning of the world: her school of astronomy (a science which our author may be supposed to have placed in the first rank), founded at Alexandria by Ptol. Philadelphus, maintained its superior reputation for a thousand years. Cyrettaica gave birth to many iHustrious philosophers, and, among them, to Eratosthones, who is said to have invented the armillary sphere. ‘This great man measured tke obliquity of the ecliptic, and, though he erroneously reokoned it at only 904 degrees, it should be recollected that he lived 200 years before the Christian erh. He also measured a degrée of the meridian, and determined the extent of the carth, by means. similar to those adopted a oF . Moderns. . | Daeg